Defining Catastrophic Injuries Under Kentucky Law
There is no specific Kentucky law that defines a catastrophic injury. However, it is broadly accepted that a catastrophic injury describes a life-altering impairment that manifests in a permanent disability that prevents the person from gainful employment and requires a lifelong need for medical care.
These are the common types of catastrophic injuries:
Spinal Cord/Paralysis
The spinal cord is a bundle of nerves and nerve fibers that act as a kind of superhighway for the brain. That network sends signals to react to pain and designate movement. When an injury disrupts that network, it can lead to devastating consequences.
Spinal cord injuries are classified in the following way:
- Complete vs. Incomplete: A complete spinal cord injury means total loss of motor and sensory function below the injury site. With an incomplete injury, there can still be some feeling or movement.
- Tetraplegia (Quadriplegia): Damage to the cervical or neck region causes loss of function in the arms, trunk, legs, and pelvic organs.
- Paraplegia: Damage in the thoracic or chest, lumbar or lower back, or sacral regions affects the trunk and legs.
When paralysis occurs, it can also lead to secondary health issues, such as respiratory complications due to diaphragm paralysis. In that situation, the person requires breathing assistance. Pneumonia remains a leading risk to people who suffer paralysis.
It is also very common that a person who is paralyzed can suffer from autonomic dysreflexia, which is a dangerous, sudden spike in blood pressure triggered by internal reflexes. They can also be challenged with circulatory issues such as blood clots and low blood pressure.
According to the Christopher and Dana Reeve Foundation, there are an estimated 255,000 to 383,000 people living with a spinal cord injury, with 18,000 new cases each year. The person who has suffered this type of injury will require lifelong care. It will often mean making modifications to the home or being transitioned to a long-term care facility.
Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI)
Much like a spinal cord injury, a traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a disruption of your brain’s normal function that is caused by an external force. That external force can be anything from a minor bump or blow to a severe jolt that literally shakes the brain back and forth.
Data collected by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) finds that there were over 69,000 TBI-related deaths in the US in a single year.
A catastrophic brain injury can result in the following ways:
Cognitive: The victim of a catastrophic brain injury can suffer from severe memory loss, impaired judgment, inability to process information, and a loss of fundamental communication skills. That will seriously impede their ability to work and require around-the-clock care.
Physical: A TBI can also result in partial or complete paralysis, loss of coordination, severe seizures, and chronic pain.
Emotional/Behavioral: You can also experience drastic personality shifts, chronic depression, extreme aggression, and a reduced ability to interact socially. That directly impacts your quality of life and can create challenges to maintain healthy relationships.
Amputation
Despite the protection from a seat belt and durable steel frame, the impact from a car crash can result in catastrophic crushing injuries. That is especially true with the full force of a collision with a truck weighing over 20 tons. In those types of crushing accidents, the victim might require a medical amputation of a limb.
John Hopkins Medicine finds that 45% of amputations come from motor vehicle crashes.
An amputation can require ongoing physical and occupational therapies. It can also have an adverse impact on the person’s life, as they will have to make adjustments to every aspect of their daily routine.
Burns
Burns that are the result of a serious accident can be extremely painful and require months of surgeries and recovery.
They can result in scars and disfigurements that will never go away. These types of catastrophic injuries can be the result of a car crash. They can also occur from defective products. Recently, over 550,000 Kobalt yard tools were recalled due to a battery fire hazard. Lithium batteries have also posed a serious risk of starting fires.
These are the types of injuries that would fall under a product liability claim involving the manufacturer or distributor of the product.
Speaking with the attorneys at the Peterson Law Office can provide you with the guidance you need to understand all your options for pursuing a claim against the at-fault parties.